face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 975-976, Àøì. VII, 32, ÝÑÒß 4, 161-163 (because of external evidence should be distinguished both from *ja:l' 'age' and *ja:l' 'fresh, green').
face="Times New Roman Star"not (prohibitive particle)
face="Times New Roman Star"íå (çàïðåòèòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòèöà)
face="Times New Roman Star"an
face="Times New Roman Star"Åãîðîâ 26-27, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 43-45. An isolated Chuv. form, but probably archaic (cf. the external evidence). Cf. also Karakh. (MK Oghuz) an| 'an exclamation meaning "no"' (see EDT 165) - but it is a hapax, occurs only within a reduplication an|an|, does not regularly correspond to Chuv. an and may be just onomatopoeic.
face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uq (Sangl., MKypch. - AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, EDT 294, ÝÑÒß 2, 283-284. Usually regarded as derived from *byc?- 'to cut', which is dubious in the light of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ)
face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'
face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall'
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice'
face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft'
face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 701, ÝÑÒß 3, 39-40, 49-50. Vowel length can be reconstructed on indirect evidence (voicing -t- > -d- in forms like Az. gedis? 'going away' etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 59, TMN 2, 312, ÝÑÒß 2, 51, Ëåêñèêà 478. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bala/ki (Pl.) (Àíèêèí 114). [The latter contains a mistake: balaq 'ïàõè' is not attested in Kirgh. - it is found in Radloff marked as Kirgh., which means Kazakh. Modern Kazakh dictionaries do not note this meaning; according to the ÊÒÒÑ (1, 86) it means `a trouser leg from the knee downwards; horse's ankle; part of bird's leg from the knee down to the ankle'. In Kirgh. a related stem may be balak-ta- 'to hang loose (of clothes, particularly of wide trouser legs)'.]
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 834. Clauson considers the Arabic translation s?u:ni:z to be a loan from Persian; the Persian form gas?ni:z (> modern East Iranian languages, see Ñòåáëèí-Êàìåíñêèé 1982, 75), on the origin of which see Henning 1963, 195-199, of course cannot be the source of Turkic forms.
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2 (in ajaba:n 'remorseless')
face="Times New Roman Star"oja- 'to care'
face="Times New Roman Star"aj 'well'
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10-11, EDT 267-8, ÝÑÒß 1, 101-102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 298. Deriving *aja- 'to respect, esteem' from *aj 'fear' (VEWT 11) is hardly plausible. Clauson (EDT 182) thinks that OUygh. ajy 'very' is an unusually early example of the elision of -g in an/yg| 'evil', which means 'very' in many OUygh. texts, but this is hardly plausible phonetically; so it may belong here, together with Khak. aj 'very' (although the final narrow y is a problem). Sevortyan relates here also SUygh. ajyg| 'good omen, good luck', but this may be a reflex of OUygh., Karakh. ajyq 'vow, promise' (EDT 270).
face="Times New Roman Star"It is not quite clear whether the Oghuz name for 'reed' (Tur. saz, Turkm., Gag. sa:z, see Ëåêñèêà 135, ÝÑÒß 7) and 'swamp' as 'reed growth' (Tur. sazlyk, Turkm. sa:zlyq) belongs here, too, or else reflect a different root. In the former case one should prefer the reconstruction *sia:r/. See VEWT 406, TMN 3, 222, Ëåêñèêà 93, ÝÑÒß 7, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 462. Bulg. > Hung. sa/r 'dirt', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 487-488.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to speak 2 talk, conversation
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîâîðèòü 2 ðå÷ü, ñëîâî
face="Times New Roman Star"kele-c?u" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kelez?|i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 2 (Houts.), kelec?e 2 (MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"kala- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?-so"z 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ÝÑÒß 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. ka"lma" 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ir-qano|t 'a white-eyed dunbird, íûðîê áåëîãëàçûé'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eqir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'dried in the sun, bleached'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'yellow'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', s?egir 'grey (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'colourless (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'whitish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr 'variegated'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Ôåäîòîâ 2 387. Despite Fedotov c?okur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. c?obkur (v. sub *s?op`e/). Despite Ra"sa"nen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. c?akyr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. c?akyr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. c?ekir, Kaz. s?egir, KKalp. s?egir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. c?akir / c?ekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. c?an|qyr, Chuv. senker, Yak. c?en|gir, z?|en|gir, Kirgh. c?enkil, c?an|yl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tsem. 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zanga:r 'verdigris', whence Tat. za"n|ga"r (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *za:'to leave, remain', Sak. ysa:ya" 'rust', Osset. zga", see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC chien| 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531.
